UK loses measles-free status: what this means and why it matters

The World Health Organisation (WHO) Europe has confirmed that the UK has officially lost its measles-free (or “measles elimination”) status, based on 2024 data. It also reflects a steady decline in childhood vaccination rates over the past decade.

What’s happening?

Measles vaccination levels in the UK are well below what’s needed to stop the virus spreading. Only 84% of five-year-olds have received both recommended doses of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. To prevent outbreaks, the WHO recommends at least 95% coverage.

As a result, measles cases have risen sharply, with England recording 2,911 laboratory-confirmed measles cases in 2024, the highest number seen in decades. While cases have been falling since July 2025, the risk of new outbreaks remains high, especially in communities where fewer people are vaccinated.

This isn’t just a UK issue

Measles has been making a comeback across Europe and beyond. In the WHO European Region, 127,350 measles cases were reported in 2024. This is double the number seen in 2023 and the highest figure since 1977.

Measles is still common in many countries; it can easily be brought into the UK. When it enters communities with low vaccination uptake, outbreaks can spread quickly.

Why is measles is a serious concern?

Measles is one of the most infectious diseases in the world. It spreads easily through coughing and sneezing and can cause serious complications, particularly in babies, young children, and people with weakened immune systems.

To stop measles spreading, it’s not enough to vaccinate most children, almost everyone needs protection. That includes:

• young children receiving both MMR doses on time

• older children and adults who may have missed vaccinations in the past catching up

  
  

Hasn't the UK lost this status before?

Yes, the UK lost its measles elimination status in 2018, following outbreaks linked to rising cases across Europe. It regained its status in 2021, largely because measles circulation dropped worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The current loss shows that the problem hasn’t gone away, it was masked.

What’s being done now?

Improving vaccine uptake will take a coordinated effort across the health system.

One important change has already been introduced:

• From 1 January 2026, the second dose of the measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine (MMRV) is now offered earlier, at 18 months of age.

You can find out more information here: Introduction of a routine varicella (MMRV) vaccination programme for children at one year and at 18 months - GOV.UK

Research shows that offering this dose earlier can improve uptake and helps ensure children are fully protected before they start school, when they begin mixing with larger groups.

Measles is preventable but only if vaccination rates are high. Regaining measles elimination status and protecting children and communities depends on making sure everyone who can be vaccinated is vaccinated.